Bibliography

1

Peter F. Brown, Stephen A. Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra, and Robert L. Mercer. "The machinematics of machine translation: Patamter estimation", Computational Linguestics, 19(2): pp. 263-311. (1993).

2

Philipp Koehn, Franz J. Och, and Daniel Marcu. " Statistical phrase-based translation". In Marti Hearst and Mari Ostendorf, editors, HLT-NAACL 2003: Main Proceedings, pages 127.133, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, May 27 -June 1. Association for Computational Linguistics. (2003).

3

GIZA++, http://www.fjoch.com/GIZA++.html

4

moses, http://www.statmt.org/moses/

5

training-release-1.3.tgz, http://www.statmt.org/wmt06/shared-task/baseline.html

6

SRILM, The SRI Language Modeling Toolkit,
http://www.speech.sri.com/projects/srilm/

Table 10: Examples of phrase-tables

一 个 日语 导游 |||a Japanese speaking guide |||0.5 0.00339841 0.333333 0.00723042 2.718

一 个 日语 导游 吗 ？ |||a Japanese speaking guide ? |||1 0.000771748 0.5 0.00668676 2.718

一 个 时钟 |||a clock |||0.5 0.0113267 1 0.293198 2.718

一 个 时钟 收音机 |||a clock radio |||1 0.00617817 1 0.293198 2.718

一 个 时钟 收音机 谢谢 |||a clock radio , please |||1 0.000602041 1 0.0325873 2.718

一 个 明天 十点 开始 的 |||a tee-off time for ten tomorrow |||1 0.000547434 1 3.02033e-05 2.718

一 个 明治 神殿 的 护身符 可以 预 知 |||A charm from Meiji shrine , a written oracle key holder |||1 3.76995e-05 1 7.77965e-08 2.718

Table 11: Results of experiments

TASK	(case+punc)	primary	ASR.1	bleu	nist	wer	per	gtm	meteor	ter
	9#9 (no-case+	9#9 contrast	9#9 CRR
	no-punc)
BTEC-CE	(case+punc)	primary	ASR.1	0.2911	6.0333	0.6208	0.5423	0.6013	0.4876	54.1800
			CRR	0.3266	6.4215	0.5873	0.5037	0.6418	0.5189	50.4520
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|		contrast	ASR.1	0.2757	5.8867	0.6360	0.5528	0.5924	0.4809	55.4560
			CRR	0.3185	6.3735	0.6017	0.5141	0.6333	0.5126	52.0960
| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|	(no-case	primary	ASR.1	0.3126	6.8900	0.6129	0.5164	0.6220	0.5162	53.6510
	+no-punc)		CRR	0.3490	7.4316	0.5703	0.4695	0.6677	0.5527	49.1490
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|		contrast	ASR.1	0.2932	6.7155	0.6338	0.5268	0.6151	0.5077	55.4810
			CRR	0.3366	7.3459	0.5928	0.4846	0.6600	0.5445	51.2980
CT-CE	(case+punc)	primary	ASR.1	0.2331	4.3752	0.6493	0.5767	0.5479	0.4737	56.1700
			CRR	0.2653	4.7015	0.6226	0.5530	0.5750	0.4953	53.6100
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|		contrast	ASR.1	0.2140	4.1510	0.6708	0.5961	0.5278	0.4580	58.0620
			CRR	0.2573	4.5648	0.6385	0.5663	0.5613	0.4828	55.3700
| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|	(no-case	primary	ASR.1	0.2630	5.2135	0.6340	0.5333	0.5885	0.5219	54.5490
	+no-punc)		CRR	0.3034	5.7842	0.5975	0.5011	0.6272	0.5492	51.7170
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|		contrast	ASR.1	0.2425	5.0223	0.6553	0.5530	0.5738	0.5072	56.4160
			CRR	0.2897	5.6630	0.6105	0.5161	0.6156	0.5379	53.1980
CT-EC	(case+punc)	primary	ASR.1	0.3482	5.6672	0.5441	0.4557	0.8558	0.5501	49.2630
			CRR	0.3975	6.1945	0.4885	0.3957	0.8521	0.5953	43.2030
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|		contrast	ASR.1	0.3553	5.9159	0.5422	0.4481	0.8594	0.5666	48.9160
			CRR	0.4047	6.4814	0.4785	0.3804	0.8612	0.6151	42.2910
| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|	(no-case	primary	ASR.1	0.3288	5.6212	0.5852	0.4904	0.8368	0.5324	52.4250
	+no-punc)		CRR	0.3827	6.1654	0.5258	0.4233	0.8343	0.5822	45.9450
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|		contrast	ASR.1	0.3324	5.8971	0.5850	0.4827	0.8415	0.5493	52.0320
			CRR	0.3856	6.4656	0.5162	0.4095	0.8448	0.6011	45.1350

Table 12: Delete unknown words

TASK	(case+punc)	primary	ASR.1	bleu	nist	wer	per	gtm	meteor	ter
	9#9 (no-case+	9#9 contrast	9#9 CRR
	no-punc)
BTEC-CE	(case+punc)	primary	CRR	0.3408	6.0026	0.5761	0.4984	0.6607	0.5350	-
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|		contrast	CRR	0.3329	5.9331	0.5883	0.5065	0.6536	0.5289	-
| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|	(no-case	primary	CRR	0.3705	7.1515	0.5529	0.4576	0.6904	0.5712	-
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|	+no-punc)	contrast	CRR	0.3592	7.0826	0.5721	0.4694	0.6844	0.5630	-
CT-EC	(case+punc)	primary	CRR	0.4085	6.1261	0.4829	0.3922	0.8666	0.5973	-
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|		contrast	CRR	0.4132	6.4773	0.4718	0.3765	0.8724	0.6171	-
| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|	(no-case	primary	CRR	0.3969	6.0371	0.5184	0.4197	0.8505	0.5842	-
| | |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|	+no-punc)	contrast	CRR	0.3945	6.4120	0.5103	0.4058	0.8573	0.6029	-