$B $B<}=87k2L(B $B>e$X(B: $B0x2LI=8=J8$+$i$N<}=8(B $BLa$k(B: $B<}=8J}K!(B   $BL\

$B<}=84o$N

$B<}=84o$N3.1$B$K<($9!%(B $B$^$?!$3.2$B$K!$3.3$B$K6qBNE*$K<($9!%(B

$B?^(B 3.1: $B<}=84o$N

$B?^(B3.2$B$N@bL@(B
$B!V@\B3I=8=!W(B+$B!V46>pI=8=!W$NJ8$rCj=P$7$?8e$N7ABVAG2r@O$N=hM}7k2L$+$i!$!VJ8$NKvHx$,=*;_7A!W!$!V6gE@$G=*N;!W!$!VH]DjJ8$N=|5n!W(B $B$NJ8Cj=P$r9T$&9)Dx$G$"$k!%(B1$B9TL\$KJ8$N(BID$BHV9f!$(B2$B9TL\$KF~NOJ8!$(B3$B9TL\0J9_$,(B $B=hM}7k2L$H$J$C$F$$$k!%$^$?!$3g8LFb$NHV9f$OIJ;l3hMQ7A%3!<%I$r<($7$F$$$k!%(B

7$B9TL\$N@\B3I=8=!V$N$G!W$rpI=8=$r@55,I=8=$K$h(B $B$j3NG'$9$k!%$b$7!$(B8$B9TL\$KFIE@$,3NG'$5$l$?>l9g$O!$FIE@$NpI=8=$,(B $B3NG'$G$-$l$P!$@.N)$9$k$3$H$H$7$F$$$k!%(B

$BpI=8=$rl9g!$@.N)$9$k!%@.N)$7$J$$>l9g$G$b!$(B10$B9TL\$K=uF0;l!$Jd=uF0;l!$$"(B $B$k$$$O!$IUB08l$,3NG'$5$l$?(B $B>l9g$O!$(B10$B9TL\$N3hMQ7A$K$h$C$F!V=*;_7A!W$,3NG'$5$l$k$H@.N)$9$k!%(B $B$^$?!$$7$F$7$^$&$3$H$rKI$0$?$a$K!$BG>C$N=uF0;l$r3NG'$9$k$HIT@.N)$H$9$k!%(B

$B:G8e$K=*;_7A$r3NG'$7$?l9g$KCj=PJ8$H$7$F:G=*E*$J@.(B $BN)$G$"$k$HH=CG$9$k!%(B

$B?^(B 3.2: $B7ABVAG2r@O

$B%>(B3.3$B!"%[%?dN%?(B
$B%7t?(B-1$B$GCj=P$7$?J8$N=>B0@a$K$"$?$k!V@\B3I=8=!W$NA0J8$KBP$7$F78$j$B$G;O$^$k9T$KBP$7!$J8@a$N3+;O0LCV$N>pJs$,IUM?$5$l(B $B$F$$$k!%(B$*$$B$N8e$K!$J8@aHV9f!$78$j@hHV9f!J78$j@h$,L5$$>l9g$O(B$-1$$B!K!$78$j(B $B4X78$N%9%3%"$,IUM?$5$l$k!%(B

$B$^$:!$=*$o$j$NJ8@a>pJs$r3NG'$7!$!VF0;l!W$rCj=P$9$k!%$b$7!$!VF0;l!W(B+$B!V=u(B $B;l!$@\B3=u;l!W(B+$B!VF0;l!W$N$h$&$JJ#9gF0;l$,3NG'$5$l$?>l9g$O!$E}9g$5$;$FCj=P$r(B $B9T$&!%(B

$B;l!W$rCj=P$9$k!%$b$7!$!VL>;l!W(B+$B!VL>;l!W(B $B$N$h$&$JO"8l$,3NG'$5$l$?>l9g$O!$E}9g$5$;$FCj=P$r9T$&!%!VL>;l!W$r4^$`78$j@hHV9f$,IUM?$5(B $B$l$?J8@a$O!$J#?tB8:_$7$?>l9g$O!$A4$FCj=P$r9T$&!%(B

$B?^$G$O(B1$B9TL\$K!$(B4$B9TL\$+$i;O$^$kJ8@a$KBP$7$F78$j@h>pJs$,3NG'$5$l$k$N$G!$!VIwA%$,!W$O!V3d$l$?!W$KBP$7$F78$j;l!W$H!VF0;l!W$N(B2$B$DAH$H$7$FCj=P$9$k!%!VL>;l!W(B $B$,J#?tB8:_$9$k>l9g$O!$>l9gJ,$1$r9T$$J#?t$N!V(B2$B$DAH!W$H$7$FCj=P$r9T$&!%(B

$B?^(B 3.3: $B78$j

$B0x2LI=8=J8(B $BIwA%$,3d$l$?(B/$B$N$G(B/$BHa$7$$!%(B
$BL>;l(B = $BIwA%!$F0;l(B = $B3d$l$?!$(B2$B$DAH(B = ($BIwA%!$3d$l$?(B)$B!$I>2A6K@-(B = Neg.